Q1. What is Automation?
Automation is delegation of human control functions and replacing it with Electrical & Electronic Equipment , to make the industrial machines run automatically without human operator .
Q2. Why we do industrial automation ?
we use industrial automation to
- Increase productivity
- Better quality
- Reduce production time
- Reduce cost
- Increase safety working conditions
What are components of Industrial Automation systems ?
- Sensors ( RTD , Thermocouples , Pressure , Flow, ...)
- Transmitters
- Controllers ( PLC , DCS , PID , ....)
- Actuators ( Drives , Valves , Contactors, ....)
Why did PLC replace classic/relay control panels ?
- PLC is more flexible for modifications and changes .
- Classic control circuits were very difficult to troubleshoot.
- PLC can do more complex operations.
- PLC can work with analog signals and perform PID loops.
What is the difference between PLC&DCS ?
- PLC : The system has stand alone processor , I O modules & Communications modules. Can be connected with HMI & SCADA for monitoring.
- DCS : Has multiple processors distributed over the plant as sub systems , and there is a central control unit with an embedded HMI n the system itself not external.
What are types of PLC I/Os ?
- Analog I/Os : where the signal is continuous and refere to a physical value ( Temperature – Pressure , ...)
- Digital I/Os : where the signal has only two discrete conditions On/Off or 0/1
What are types of PLC I/O modules ?
- Local I/Os : I/Os placed in the main PLC rack which contains the CPU.
- Distributed : I/Os not in the main unit nor the main rack and connected to the main rack using communications bus
Difference between compact and modular PLC ?
- Compact : The CPU , power supply and I/Os are built in in the main unit.
- Modular : Have separated slots for every component, and you can select I/O as needed.
What is meant by Analog I/O resolution ?
It determines how much bits are used for storing Analog value. A 12 bit resolution card means that the 1/0 will be (0 to 4095) ( 2^12 -1) , while 16 bit card will be (0- 65536 ) which will give more accurate data .
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